61. Hobbes believes that human are wholly mechanistic in nature, and constantly in motion in the universe. Hobbes gives us a geometric account of the motion of bodies, showing us a purely materialistic view of the world. This leads to Human Nature to be broken down into mechanical systems that are driven by pleasure and pain. Hobbes believes that everything we choose to do is an action taken in order to relieve physical discomfort. Hobbes also claimed that even though we are a slave to our selves, we are free, as so long we are not acted upon or constrained by any other agent. Human life unregulated according to Hobbes was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
62. Hobbes basically says because humans are base, vile, self interested creatures our natural state is at war. We are at war with everything and anything, this Hobbes believes is driven by three basic causes, "competition, diffidence, and glory." This means that Humans without an authority regulating their actions would mean in nature we are constantly in a violent self interested free for all with everyone else.
63. Hobbes states the that people cannot solely rely on their independence for their contentment and their livelihood. Thus a commonwealth is born as people develop social contracts in order to rely on one another for contentment and livelihood. People would loose their ability to govern their selves in order to join society, in return they won't have to live in constant fear. The sovereign is elected in order to preserve this is contract, and no one can justly back out or over throw the sovereign. The problem with this is the the sovereign is human and therefore prone to the same down falls that Hobbes says everyone is prone too. The sovereign is a ruler that is sum of man kind that cannot be justly contradicted.
64. The sovereign is not involved with the social contract. The contract is made by the individuals of the society to want a orderly government, the sovereign is just the authority they all agreed with each other to obey.
65. Political legitimacy happens either by "sovereignty of institution" or by "Sovereignty of Acquisition", but these are only terms of ways sovereignty can happen, because in Hobbes eyes legitimacy is not based on how a sovereign comes to power. The only thing a sovereign has to do to make itself legitimate is to provide protection to the individuals within the contract. This means no matter what a person does to get into power, once he is in he cannot be justly thrown out if and only if he doesn't provide "protection" for his people.
66. Hobbes is a strict conservative and believes that sovereign is best at ruling if it is just one person. A monarchy allows one person to have control over the whole population and gives them absolute power and judgment. Hobbes believes this is quickest and most efficient way ruling a population, with a separation of powers, Hobbes believes the government is thrown into paralysis because one branch can contradict the other.
67. Hobbes thinks that a limitation of power to the sovereign is a irresponsible thing, he believes it contradicts the whole premise of the commonwealth in the first place. The commonwealth was started as a shelter to hide from the tempest of nature, to impose a limitation on power would invite disagreements as to how government should be run, starting in fighting, and thus the chaos of nature once again breaks through the shelter and burns in the hearts of men.
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