1.Berkeley believed that when we talk about something we are talking about the actual being itself, In reality we are talking about how the being is perceived by someone. Berkeley stated that we can never truly know the true nature or reality of any object because we can never do anything beyond experience our perception of said object.
2. Berkeley thought that Material was a confusing term that we should just do away with altogether. Reality in Berkeley's mind could be considered objective as long as everyone perceived everything else the same way. We shouldn't call it material object any more, we should call it perceived objects.
3. Berkeley claims that the only thing he has to work with in the quest to determine the existence of people is language. Since Berkeley can hear people speak and ask them of what they perceive, and from this we can learn that others peoples perception objects is similar.
4. Any Knowledge of the world is gained through direct perception, The error comes from thinking about what others perceive. Knowledge of the world of people can be perfected by stripping away all thought and langauge from their perception.
5. God produces the experience of perception for us, and with his infinite mind can create the same experience for everyone to perceive. Since gods mind is infinite the object/experience (to a lesser extent) is always there
6. Dr. Johnson Kicked a rock and exclaimed "I refute this!" because what Dr. Johnson tired to refute was an idea in his own mind and not that of something purely physical. He was assigning an idea to the rock that can't be shown or given to other people solely through perception.
7. John Locke believed that primary qualities were objective qualities that every object has that are independent of personal experience (length, width, etc.). While secondary qualities on the other hand are completely subjective in nature, (taste, smell, etc.)
8. John Locke showed how water's primary quality is not it's temperature by preposing a thought experiment consisting of two buckets of water one hot and one cold. He then states that once our hands have sat in their respective bucket for long enough time, and then we put both our hands into a bucket full of lukewarm water, both of the hands will respond with different tempatures. The one in the hot water will say the lukewarm is hot and the one in the cold will say that the lukewarm water is cold. This is John Locke states is how we know that tempature in water is subjective in nature (or secondary) and not objective (primary).
9. Berkeley then argues to Locke that if we know their our some subjective qualities of an object, what makes part of it objective? Berkeley states that size (which is considered a primary quality of all objects) changes for objectives based on the distance of the viewer and the size of the viewer his/her self, which makes size subjective by nature.
Sunday, May 17, 2009
Saturday, May 2, 2009
Descartes Unit 3
18. Descartes thought had proved that the soul was immortal, by indirectly proving the mind and body exist separately. The mind is not made up of any matter, it can not be duplicated by any means (so says Descartes). The body is composed completely of physical matter and could likely be reproduced. These two different entities share no common properties in Descartes' eyes and therefore can exist independently from one another. Descartes used the concept of properties in order to determine the exclusivity of the mind and body. The mind's main property which makes it a mind is thought. Now Descartes believed the mind took up no physical space. While on the other hand, the main property of the body is Extension, or growth, which means they take up space. The mind-body problem arises from this explanation of properties each holds independently, How can something immaterial affect something that is completely made up of material?
19. HAHAHAHA, Descartes has one hell of a time trying to figure out how logically something that takes up no physical space can affect something that takes up a lot of physical space. Descartes had no way to logically explain how material communicates with the immaterial, so he said that the communicator sits atop the pineal gland and communicates responses from mind to body and body to mind.
20. Idealism is the idea that reality and it's truest form are based solely on the mind. Materialism is the idea that "only matter exists". Science has come such a long way that we can possibly say that "only matter exists" because their things that are unforeseen and have little to no physical presence, such as energy. Since we know energy exists and sometimes it has no physical presence we still hold the same empirical values as the materialist did the only thing is now we have changed the name of the idea to Physicalism to allow for all the new phenomenon we are able to observe. Out of all three of these agruments we know that idealism has to many holes for it to logically hold water, and materialism was our first understanding of how the world works which evolved into physicalism as technologies have progressed.
19. HAHAHAHA, Descartes has one hell of a time trying to figure out how logically something that takes up no physical space can affect something that takes up a lot of physical space. Descartes had no way to logically explain how material communicates with the immaterial, so he said that the communicator sits atop the pineal gland and communicates responses from mind to body and body to mind.
20. Idealism is the idea that reality and it's truest form are based solely on the mind. Materialism is the idea that "only matter exists". Science has come such a long way that we can possibly say that "only matter exists" because their things that are unforeseen and have little to no physical presence, such as energy. Since we know energy exists and sometimes it has no physical presence we still hold the same empirical values as the materialist did the only thing is now we have changed the name of the idea to Physicalism to allow for all the new phenomenon we are able to observe. Out of all three of these agruments we know that idealism has to many holes for it to logically hold water, and materialism was our first understanding of how the world works which evolved into physicalism as technologies have progressed.
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